ctf-crypto

$npx mdskill add wgpsec/AboutSecurity/ctf-crypto

Crack cryptographic challenges using advanced attack techniques.

  • Solves RSA, AES, ECC, and lattice-based CTF puzzles.
  • Depends on reference files for specific cipher attack methods.
  • Selects algorithms based on detected ciphertext or parameters.
  • Outputs decrypted flags and algorithmic analysis results.
SKILL.md
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---
name: ctf-crypto
description: "CTF 密码学攻击技术。用于 RSA/AES/ECC/格密码/PRNG/ZKP/古典密码等 CTF 加密类挑战。当遇到加密数据需要破解、密码学相关 CTF 题目、需要分析加密算法弱点、或识别到密文/公钥/密码学参数时使用。覆盖从古典替换密码到现代公钥密码、椭圆曲线、格攻击、零知识证明等全方位密码学攻防技术"
metadata:
  tags: "ctf,crypto,rsa,aes,ecc,lattice,prng,zkp,密码学,加密,低指数攻击,crypto challenge,密码题"
  category: "ctf"
---

# CTF 密码学攻击

## 深入参考

以下参考资料**按需加载**,根据识别出的具体方向选择对应文件:

- 古典密码(Vigenere/Atbash/XOR/OTP/同音替换) → [references/classic-ciphers.md](references/classic-ciphers.md)
- 现代密码攻击(AES/CBC/Padding Oracle/LFSR/MAC伪造) → [references/modern-ciphers.md](references/modern-ciphers.md)
- RSA 攻击(小指数/Wiener/Pollard/Coppersmith/Hastad/CRT) → [references/rsa-attacks.md](references/rsa-attacks.md)
- ECC 攻击(小子群/无效曲线/Smart/ECDSA nonce重用) → [references/ecc-attacks.md](references/ecc-attacks.md)
- 高级数学攻击(格/LWE/同源/Pohlig-Hellman/LLL) → [references/advanced-math.md](references/advanced-math.md)
- PRNG 攻击(MT19937/LCG/V8 XorShift128+/混沌映射) → [references/prng.md](references/prng.md)
- ZKP 与约束求解(Z3/图着色/Groth16/Shamir SSS) → [references/zkp-and-advanced.md](references/zkp-and-advanced.md)
- 历史密码(Lorenz SZ40/42/Book Cipher) → [references/historical.md](references/historical.md)
- 奇异代数结构(辫群DH/热带半环/FPE/Goldwasser-Micali) → [references/exotic-crypto.md](references/exotic-crypto.md)
- 格与LWE攻击(LLL/BKZ/Babai CVP/Coppersmith格/NTRU) → [references/lattice-and-lwe.md](references/lattice-and-lwe.md)
- 现代密码攻击续(Blum-Goldwasser/Hash长度扩展/RC4统计) → [references/modern-ciphers-2.md](references/modern-ciphers-2.md)
- 现代密码攻击Part3(自定义Hash反转/CRC32爆破/HMAC时序) → [references/modern-ciphers-3.md](references/modern-ciphers-3.md)
- RSA专项技术(p=q绕过/CRT立方根/多素数分解/部分密钥) → [references/rsa-attacks-2.md](references/rsa-attacks-2.md)
- 流密码攻击(LFSR/RC4第二字节偏差/Salsa20/ChaCha20) → [references/stream-ciphers.md](references/stream-ciphers.md)

---

## 分类决策树

```
题目涉及加密?
├─ 古典密码(Caesar/Vigenere/XOR/替换) → [references/classic-ciphers.md](references/classic-ciphers.md)
├─ 对称加密(AES/DES/RC4/分组密码)
│  ├─ ECB → 块重排 / 逐字节oracle
│  ├─ CBC → 比特翻转 / Padding Oracle
│  └─ 流密码 → LFSR / Berlekamp-Massey
├─ RSA
│  ├─ 小e → 开根号         ├─ 小d → Wiener
│  ├─ p≈q → Fermat          ├─ 公共模数 → ExtGCD
│  └─ 部分已知因子 → Coppersmith (SageMath)
├─ ECC
│  ├─ 阶有小因子 → Pohlig-Hellman
│  ├─ 奇异曲线 → 映射到加法群
│  └─ ECDSA nonce重用 → 恢复私钥
├─ 格/LWE → Babai CVP / LLL 短向量
├─ PRNG → MT19937 untemper / LCG / V8 xs128p
├─ ZKP → 碰撞/预测盐 / Z3求解
└─ 哈希 → 长度扩展(hashpump) / 生日攻击
```

## 速查工具

| 场景 | 工具/命令 |
|------|----------|
| RSA 自动攻击 | `RsaCtfTool.py -n N -e E --uncipher C` |
| 替换密码 | quipqiup.com |
| SageMath | `sage -python script.py`(Coppersmith/ECC/格) |
| Z3 约束求解 | `pip install z3-solver` → BitVec / Int |
| PRNG MT19937 | `pip install not_random`(浮点恢复状态) |
| V8 Math.random | `d0nutptr/v8_rand_buster` |
| Padding Oracle | PadBuster / `padding-oracle` 库 |
| XOR 操作 | `from pwn import xor` |

## 常用 Python 库

```bash
pip install pycryptodome z3-solver sympy gmpy2
```

## RSA 基础速查

```python
from Crypto.Util.number import inverse, long_to_bytes
phi = (p-1)*(q-1)
d = inverse(e, phi)
m = pow(c, d, n)
print(long_to_bytes(m))
```

## 常见模式

- **RSA 乘法同态**:未填充 RSA `S(a)*S(b) mod n = S(a*b)`,可组合签名伪造
- **CBC Padding Oracle**:~4096 次查询解密一个16字节块
- **Bleichenbacher (ROBOT)**:RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 填充oracle → ~10K 次查询恢复明文
- **CRC32 线性**:追加4字节可伪造任意CRC32签名
- **哈希长度扩展**:Merkle-Damgard 结构 `hash(SECRET||data)` 可追加数据

## RSA 小指数攻击
- 当 e=3 时,若 m^3 < n(不取模、没有模运算),可直接开立方恢复明文

## Padding Oracle 细节
- 每字节最多 256 次尝试,暴力尝试所有可能值
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